In semantics cognitive of Lakoff and Johnson (1980), metaphor is one of the abstract conceptions of thought and language. Metaphor is an active process in cognitive system and is one of the main ways of human perceptions from surrounding environment. This research is to explaine the available concepts of Turkish speakers in using Flowers in daily conversatios and specify their views to these concepts and phenomenons of Flowers names, also their sourse and destination domain. The data of this research was collected by interviewing from 30 Turkish speakers which finally 13 Useful Flowers names were considered and their sourse and destination domains were presented; also, the cultural attitude of the speakers towards the names of the Flowers was shown through conceptualization and categorization by drawing diagrams. The research findings indicate that the names of the Flowers have entered the Turkish language and speakers Use them to describe someone or something metaphorically; so that the Use of these words has a relatively higher frequency of occurrence compared to other natural phenomena. This research can be Useful for linguists, translators of Turkish to Persian languages and vice versa, poets and writers.

Iran is one of the leading producing countries in the world in some of exported agricultural products such as tomatoes and saffron. In recent years, the production of horticultural crops, especially greenhoUse products in the country has been increasing. Due to high exchange rate and income and also high-water Use efficiency, the possibility of export and increasing demand, there is a possibility of their sustainable development and production of these crops in the future. On the other hand, today, attention to vegetables due to the presence of compounds such as vitamins, minerals and antioxidants, to Flowers and ornamental plants due to aesthetics and peace of mind of humans and herbal medicines due to low or lack of side effects, are increasing. Using the latest statistics published by the Iranian Ministry of Agriculture Jihad and other sources, production of vegetables, Flowers, ornamentals and Medicinal plants in the years from 2012 to 2018 were examined. From vegetables, potatoes, onions, tomatoes and cucurbits, from Flowers and ornamental plants, cut Flowers, pot plants, trees and shrubs, bedding plants and transplants, and from Medicinal plants, Damask rose and saffron were selected and analyzed. In this article, after presenting the statistics, the problems of the current situation in each subsector are analyzed and finally, the most important challenges and opportunities facing these subsectors of horticulture are examined and solutions are suggested.

Background: There is limited information about the Use of Medicinal plants (MPs) by older adults in Middle East countries, including Iran. Objective: This study aimed to assess the MP Use by older adults in Kashan, Iran. Methods: A cross‑ sectional study was conducted on 770 older adults who were randomly selected from different areas of Kashan, Iran. A questionnaire was Used to gather the data. The data were described using the measures of descriptive statistics and analyzed via the Chi‑ square and the Fisher’ s exact tests. Results: Totally, 67. 8% of participants Used MPs. MPs were Used, respectively, for abdominal pain, temperament modification, tranquilization, constipation, and common cold. Significant statistical relationships were found between MP Use and variables such as gender, having hyperlipidemia, employment status, belief in the effectiveness of the MPs, and the level of knowledge about them. Conclusion: Older adults widely Use MPs. Public education programs should be implemented to inform people, particularly elderly people, about the risks associated with the over‑ the‑ counter Use of MPs and their interactions with conventional medications.

Improvement of quality and storage life of cut Flowers is one of the most important subjects in postharvest and floriculture industry. In general, cut Flowers have a short postharvest life and some treatments could enhance their vase life. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the interaction of calcium chloride and silver nitrate with essential oils on quality and vase life of rose cut flower cv. Grand Prix in a factorial experiment on the basis of completely randomized design with 3 replications. Rose cut Flowers were treated with calcium chloride (1%) and silver nitrate (2 mg/l) for 24 hours and held in solution containing 2 mg/l thyme, savory, ajowan and distilled water (control)+2% sucrose and kept at 25±3oC and RH=65±5 % for 9 days. Different parameters including flower weight flower and stem diameter, wilting of Flowers and leaves, uptake of preservative solution and vase life were measured every 3 days during the storage period. The results showed that combination of silver nitrate and thyme was effective in improving the flower weight and diameter of cut roses by increasing the uptake of preservative solution and also reducing the wilting of Flowers and leaves. Therefore, the vase life of cut Flowers is increased significantly in this treatment compared to control. On contrary, pretreatment with calcium chloride and subsequent maintenance in vegetable oils decreases the quality and vase life of cut Flowers by injury to flower stems.

Phytoremediation of lead using plants in lead-contaminated soils is a new and safe environmental technology. By adding chelators and increasing plant extraction, the efficiency of this technology can be increased. In this regard, we evaluated the effect of adding EDTA chelates to lead-contaminated soils to investigate the amount of lead accumulation in a Medicinal plant, Calendula officinalis. We designed a factorial experiment in the form of a completely randomized, with three replicates in pots and two factors including EDTA at two levels (0, 50 mg kg-1) and lead at four levels (0, 30, 90, and 270 mg kg-1). In this plant, the accumulation of lead was accompanied by an increase in the amount of lead in the soil due to the addition of EDTA to the soil. The results showed that EDTA significantly increased the lead translocation of lead from roots to the aerial part of the plant.Total Chl. and shoot dry weight decrease significantly in EDTA treatment than control specific at a high level of Pb in the soil. Also, the results showed that EDTA increased lead removal from soil to soil solution and increased lead translocation from roots to the aerial part of the plant of Calendula officinalis. In general, the results of this research showed that with the careful management and EDTA Use in lead extraction, it has provided a cost-effective and safe environmentally strategy.